Nanowireassisted Gene Delivery
The use of synthetic systems for delivering genetic material into cells has several advantages over viral delivery, including ease of production and reduced risk of cytotoxicity and immunogenicity 41,42 . Previously introduced nonviral gene delivery methods, such as liposomes, polymers, and gold particles, are limited in transfection effectiveness due to difficulties controlling their properties. Nanowires chemically functionalized with biomolecules, however, offer degrees of freedom...
Localizing Nanoparticle Concentrations
After the nanoparticles have been concentrated by means of molecular targeting, magnetic targeting, direct injection, and so on, it is important to map the foci of localized nanoparticle concentrations and the overall nanoparticle density distribution in tissue. Such a map provides a powerful diagnostic tool by detecting the abnormal localized presence of receptors expressed by tumor cells through molecular targeting 13,16,17 , magnetic targeting 18,19 , mechanical targeting of compromised...
Optical Coherence Tomography
Optical coherence tomography OCT is a novel nonioinizing imaging method that uses differential scattering and absorption of light waves for different tissue types. OCT images of biological tissues are generated with 10- to 15- m resolution. The quality of Figure 7.2. Radiographs of mouse hind legs before and after gold nanoparticle 2.7 g Au Kg injection. a Before injection b 2 minutes after injection. Significant contrast is seen in the leg with the tumor indicated by arrow compared with the...
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Chemical Functionalization
The ability to chemically functionalize nanowires enhances their utility in biological applications. Selectively binding ligands to the surface of nanowires allows additional control of interactions between nanowires, between nanowires and surfaces, and between cells and nanowires, as well as control of the wires' optical characteristics. We have built on prior knowledge of surface chemistry on planar metallic films 26-28 to selectively functionalize both single- and multicomponent nanowires....
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Contributors I
Samuel D. Bader, Materials Science Division and Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois Liaohai Chen, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois Seok-Hwan Chung, Materials Science Division and Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois Edward J. Felton, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland Axel Hoffmann, Materials Science Division and Center for...