Dendrimers
Although linear polymers may be considered to be of nanomeric dimensions, there is one specific group of polymers that is designed to exploit its nanomeric size and characteristics. These are dendrimers and they are large and complex molecules with very well-defined structures. They are almost perfectly monodisperse macromolecules with a regular and highly branched three-dimensional architecture. Dendrimers can act as biologically active carrier molecules in drug delivery, to which can be attached therapeutic agents. They can also be used as scavengers of metal ions, offering the potential for environmental clean-up operations.65
A dendrimer is a macromolecule which is characterised by its highly branched three-dimensional structure. The structure is always built up around a central multi-functional core molecule and this extremely regular structure contributes to its near-perfect spherical shape. Due to their size, c. 15 nm, and branching architecture with a relatively hollow core surrounded by a compact surface, dendrimer molecules could be utilised for sensing, catalysis or biochemical activity. They may also find application as light-harvesting antennae and as molecular amplifiers.66 It has also been suggested that when drug molecules are attached to the periphery, the dendrimer can be used as an efficient drug-delivery platform. Studies have demonstrated potential application of dendrimers as gene carriers.65
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